Lawyers often get a bad rap for a variety of reasons and the public generally views them as amoral but necessary nuisances. And while some lawyers very easily fit this description (see Devil’s Advocate: History’s Most Controversial Lawyers), it would be a grave mistake to lump all attorney’s into this unfortunate stereotype. After all, a court of law was amongst the first societal innovations to accompany the rise of civilization, and in the same way that there are two sides to every story – there are two lawyers in every trial.

So in an effort to pay tribute to some our great unsung courtroom cowboys, we’ve listed the greatest lawyers in history.

Abraham Lincoln
Though Abraham Lincoln is most known for his battle to end slavery as the 16th President of the United States, many are unaware of his earlier career battling in the court of law.

Born in Kentucky to a family of uneducated farmers, Lincoln left his humble upbringings to travel to New Salem, Illinois where he worked a variety of odd jobs all while teaching himself the inner-workings of law. When he was finally granted the right to practice as an attorney, he got to work immediately and quickly became one of Illinois’ most formidable lawyers. During his tenure as a lawyer, he tackled any kind of case imaginable- including trials for medical malpractice, corporate misconduct, murder, slander, fraud and many more.

In retrospect, it’s easy to see how Lincoln’s 20+ year long career as an attorney helped shape him into the masterful politician he would later become by sharpening his debate skills and keeping him in touch with the issues that matter to the public. And considering the fact that he went on to become one of the nation’s greatest Presidents should stand as evidence that being a lawyer doesn’t necessarily make you a lowlife- it just predisposes you to being a lowlife, which makes it all the more impressive that Lincoln turned out so cool.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
The fact that this guy is credited for having liberated India from tyranny, influenced a sweeping world-wide trend towards civil rights and became the de facto spiritual leader for a generation might make it surprising to know that he was also a gifted attorney. But such was the man, the myth, the legend of Gandhi.

Gandhi’s career as a lawyer began in London during the late 1800’s where he received his degree in law. He later moved to South Africa to pursue a career in law, but upon arrival he was faced with extreme racial prejudice against him and other Indians. After being beaten and discriminated against, he became involved in civil rights cases defending other Indian immigrants. A crucial moment in his life as a lawyer came after he refused to remove his turban during a court trial – an event that inspired his move towards activism and non-violent civil protest.

After being imprisoned in South Africa for his activism, Gandhi returned to India where he led the fight against the tyrannical British Empire, eventually resulting in India’s independence.

Though Gandhi’s career in law was ultimately overshadowed by his spiritual and political guidance, his history as a lawyer is still enough for him to qualify for this list – as if he needed another excuse to go down in history.

Thurgood Marshall
Even more than Martin Luther King or Malcolm X, the rise of the civil rights movement and eradication of discriminatory laws against African-Americans can be attributed to the work of Thurgood Marshall. Whereas Martin Luther King and others led the battles in the streets, Thurgood Marshall led the battles in the court and has easily become one of America’s most historic lawyers.

After receiving his law degree from Howard University in 1933, Marshall set up a practice in Baltimore where he began taking on major civil rights cases and quickly became one of the country’s most prominent lawyers, winning his first Supreme Court case at the age of 32.

His most famous case came in 1954 with the now historic Brown v. Board of Education trial which overturned the infamous “separate but equal” laws that had been enforced since the abolition of slavery in the 1800’s.

In total, Marshall won 29 of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court and later went on to become the first African-American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice- a position he held for nearly 25 years. Ultimately, Thurgood Marshall’s successes in law represents one of the brightest times in the judicial system’s history and provided proof to the efficacy of the American court of law.

Alan Dershowitz
Alan Dershowitz is one of the most famous lawyers in the world and he has won numerous distinctions for his work in civil rights. Newsweek has called him “[one of] the most distinguished defenders of individual rights,” and Time describes him as being “a sort of judicial St Jude,” all of which combine to make him one of the greatest lawyers in history and the only attorney on this list still practicing.
Dershowitz graduated from Yale Law School first in his class in 1962 where he was editor-in-chief of the Yale Law Journal. He then went on to join the faculty of Harvard Law where he became the youngest full professor of law in Harvard’s history at the age of 28.

During his time as an attorney, he practiced a great deal of criminal law and was involved in several of the country’s most high-profile court cases, including the trials of Patricia Hearst, Leona Helmsley, Mike Tyson and OJ Simpson. He has since become one of Israel’s most outspoken defenders and is a recipient of the William O Douglas First Amendment Award from the Anti-Defamation League for his work on civil rights.

Though Derschowitz has also been the source of much controversy, his battle for civil rights and his prodigal understanding of law will undoubtedly go down as his greatest legacy, which is why Alan Dershowitz tops off this list of history’s greatest lawyers.

Singhania University which is one of the top universities in Rajasthan has been established by the Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Distt. Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan) Ordinance 2007. Singhania University is established by government of Rajasthan and is recognized as per the section 2f of UGC act, 1956. As per the location, above mentioned top university in Rajasthan is about 160 kms from West of Delhi and about 165 kms from North of Jaipur. This top university of Rajasthan is the first placement and research oriented university in Rajasthan. Singhania University Rajasthan comes under one of the top universities in India regarding the wide variety of courses it offers and excellent course curriculum it follows.

Singhania University mainly offers courses in four fields of education and higher studies, namely, Engineering, Management, Bio-Technology and Allied Health Sciences. For example regarding engineering and medical courses, this top university in Rajasthan provides diploma and degree courses in areas like automobile, civil, mechanical, computer, information technology, communication, industrial production and architecture etc. Apart from these diploma and degree courses Singhania University also offers some postgraduate degree courses like MBA, MCA, MSc. and M-Tech. Singhania University also provides some certificate and diploma courses like Medical lab technology (MLT); Up- Vaidya; Yoga; Homeopathy Pharmacy; First Aid; MLT; Electro-Cardio-Graphy and radio Imaging Technology( DERT); ECG technology; Live stock and veterinary Science (VLDA). Some of these courses are really unconventional and equally exciting to pursue.

Singhania University is an epitome of world-class infrastructure, highly qualified and dedicated faculties and excellent environment for academic and intellectual growth of students. The Top University in India, Singhania University focuses on comprehensive growth of the students, working on their hearts and minds by giving full concentration to their academic, cultural, physical and social needs in an environment of continuous interaction and growth that is favorable for the enrichment of mind and body. The faculty of Singhania University Rajasthan is fully committed and extremely talented. Teachers invest all their skills and knowledge to impart quality education to the students as they are the ones who will shape the future of our country. Singhania University is renowned not only to produce excellent academic results but also to produce excellent and successful professionals those can face the challenges of the world. At Singhania University special emphasis is given to communication skills and personality development. The uniqueness of the curriculum and various programmes of this one the most prestigious universities in Rajasthan lies in promoting a strong passion in the students not just for studies but for all round excellence with perfection; for meeting the challenges head on with due emphasis on ethical and moral values which are the most important to build a strong character. Singhania University produces knowledgeable young citizens capable of creating a better and prosperous India through inter-cultural understanding and respect for the humanity

Civil Engineering is considered to be one of the oldest engineering disciplines among others like mechanical, electrical, chemical, military, aeronautical, and software engineering. Civil Engineering deals with planning, designing and executing construction activities that include physical and natural structures. It involves structuring public works like roads, buildings, bridges, canals, tunnels, airports, dams, ports, sewage systems and multitude of others. It takes place on all levels in both public and private sectors, from municipal to federal and from individual homeowners to international companies.

Civil Engineering is generally divided into several sub-disciplines that could be: (a) environmental engineering, (b) geotechnical engineering, (c) structural engineering, (d) transportation engineering, (e) municipal or urban engineering, (f) Water resources engineering, (g) materials engineering, (h) coastal engineering, (i) Construction engineering and (j) research engineering. Being such a vast field, civil engineering jobs in India are, of course, in plenty and with boom in real estate sector of the country, they have grown in numbers. It has always been one of the hottest professions with high demand for experts and professionals from this area.

Civil Engineering is one of the most superior or high-ranking professions in India. The need for improvement in infrastructure to match the international standards is realized today, generating jobs for civil engineers. Infrastructure of our country is either not very robust or too old to bear the shocks from natural calamities or otherwise. Many roads need immediate repair; sewage systems require constant attention; various flyovers and bridges have to be built and a lot of other structural maintenance and development works is also due. All such activities ask for services from engineers so that these multifarious problems can be solved properly.

Profile of Civil Engineers

The primary responsibility of civil engineers is to plan and design a project, construct it to the required scale and maintain the product. Not only high levels of engineering knowledge but supervisory and administrative skills are also required. Planning projects involve site investigation, feasibility studies, coming up with solutions to possible complications and the actual structural designing. Civil engineers have to work according to the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by them. Preparing cost estimates, setting construction schedules, maintenance and repair of work is also an important part of their job. Construction work also implies dealing with clients, contractors, government officials, architects and supervision of work.

Henceforth, civil engineers are responsible for designing and administering the construction of public structures and facilities like roads, bridges etc. Most of the companies demand specific specializations suitable to the respective job profile.

Like in other fields, civil engineering and construction jobs usually start on a low responsibility note. As an employee demonstrates his level of proficiency in the field, tasks become more and more responsible. The job opportunities for civil engineers are diverse as well as dynamic as they work in diverse settings varying from a plush modern office to a job site in remote areas. Also, more often than not, construction jobs may involve traveling within or maybe outside the city.

Team work and coordination plays a crucial role for civil engineers as they mostly work in big teams. Construction professionals can work in state or central government projects as well as in private concerns or overseas. Civil engineering jobs also include being a supervisor of the construction site; a managerial position in design or research and teaching in both government and private services. The option of working as independent consultants is also open to civil engineering professionals.

The scope for civil engineering and construction jobs in India is huge, you may start exploring options with help of job portals like naukri.com, India’s leading job site.

Deepika writes on behalf of Naukri.com, the no.1 job portal in India.She writes on topics like Engineering Jobs, Jobs and increasing work concentration.

Stretching out your career for government jobs needs you to on take the civil service examination. This is one of the toughest exams held in India and comes along with proper guidance, preparation one can face the civil exam papers. Anyone aspiring for these must have the despicable quality like mental alertness, having interest in variety of subjects. One should have good intellect to tackle situations and subjects along with leadership qualities. Having the tacts and diplomacy and integrity and must knowledge in current affairs. Having a social and government interests in policies and development of the nation is equally important.

While first applying for the civil services examination one has to be selected, the first selection happens depending on certain criteria, these are as follows –

1. Only Indian nationals are eligible for IAS and IPS.A Tibetan refugee who came over to India before January 1, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India. Candidates belonging to either category must produce an eligibility certificate issued by the Government of India.

2. Age Limits are also a considering factor, a candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 30 years on 1st August of the year of taking the examination.

3. The candidate must hold a degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or possess an equivalent qualification.

4. Every candidate appearing for the Civil Services Examination, who is otherwise eligible, shall be permitted four attempts at the examination.

Next comes in the preparation, civil services syllabus is huge and must come along with proper preparations. Proper books like Manorama Year book for general knowledge, current affairs should be read. Books on Indian economy, social and national issues, Indian policy, science and technology, statistics, geography and history and culture should be widely read. Civil exam papers are quite based on rigorous general knowledge and should be taken the best preparation.

Civil services examination comes along in various types. The first civil exam papers are on general studies and carry 150 marks. Questions include General Science, current events of national and international importance, history of India, world geography, Indian Politics and Economy, Indian national movement and general mental ability. The second paper, called optional’ is on the (one) subject chosen by the candidate and carries 300 marks. Subjects to choose from include Agriculture, Mathematics, Animal Husbandry & Vetinary Science, Mechanical Engineering, Botany, Medical Science, Chemistry, Philosophy, Civil Engineering, Physics, Commerce, Political Science, Economics and etc. the second round Consists of eight papers carrying 300 marks each. Two are qualifying papers, one in English and the other in any recognized Indian language chosen by the candidate (options include – Marks obtained are not added in the total score. Third and fourth papers are on general studies and carry 600 marks. Rest is on two optional subjects, carrying a total of 1200 marks. The options include – Agriculture, Management, Animal Husbandry & Vetinary Science, Mathematics, Anthropology, Mechanical Engineering, Botany, Medical Science, Chemistry, Philosophy, Civil Engineering, Physics, Commerce & Accountancy, Political Science & International Relations and many more. The final round is the personality and interview round, and then the result is announced. Successful candidates in Civil services examination are allotted services according to their ranks in the final list. Individual preferences of the candidates are also taken into account while allocation of service. It is helpful to try and choose the same optional subject for the prelim and the main exam.

The first 50 gets the IAS choice followed by IPS and others. Anyone thinking of taking up civil service should have an idea how difficult it is to get in as lakhs of candidates apply for the 400 to 500 vacancies that may arise. So once you decide to appear in Civil services examination, one should be prepared to slog endlessly because. The success rate in this exam is less than 10%.